Patient's safety and satisfaction on same day discharge after robotic and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy versus discharge after 24 or 48 h: a longitudinal randomized prospective study.

BACKGROUND: There is a tendency of prompted global health systems to reduce the length of hospital stay without compromising patient safety or satisfaction. We evaluated the safety and viability of early discharge in patients undergoing minimally invasive radical prostatectomy (MIRP), as well as patient satisfaction with this strategy. METHODS: This longitudinal prospective study included 72 patients who underwent MIRP for prostate cancer. Three groups were performed according to the day of hospital discharge following surgery: same day (G1), first day after (G2), and second day after (G3). Satisfaction, adverse events, and readmission were analyzed for each group. Associations between clinicopathologic variables and same-day discharge were analyzed by comparing data between G1 patients who did and did not achieve same-day discharge. RESULTS: 16.7% of patients were not discharged according to randomization (10 randomized to G1). 80% of G1 patients who did not achieve same-day discharge had Gleason scores of 3 + 4 or 4 + 3, which were observed in 35.7% of patients discharged on the same day (P < 0.05). Average prostate weight was significantly lower in patients who achieved same-day discharge than in those who did not (P < 0.01). Univariable logistic regression points to Gleason scores of 3 + 4 or 4 + 3 as the main factors associated with unsuccessful same-day discharge (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS: Same-day discharge was both safe and feasible and does not appear to affect satisfaction in a subset of patients with prostate cancer. Surgeons should consider the Gleason score when determining whether same-day discharge is appropriate.

Ergonomic risk assessment of surgeon's position during radical prostatectomy: Laparoscopic versus robotic approach.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a definitive surgical therapy for localized prostate cancer. Evidence suggests that the poor ergonomics of surgeons during RP may lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders and loss of productivity. Since each surgery modality has its physical demands, we compared the ergonomic risk between laparoscopic (LRP) and robotic-assisted (RARP) radical prostatectomy. METHODS: The study assessed the posture of 10 urological surgeons during LRP and RARP surgeries with the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) scale. RESULTS: We found that the RARP approach resulted in lower REBA scores over the LRP procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic surgery improves body posture for the urological surgeon like in other medical specialties. However, the surgeons display harmful postures in both surgeries.

Prognostic Factors in De Novo Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Report From the Latin American Renal Cancer Group.

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of clinical and pathological variables on cancer-specific and overall survival (OS) in de novo metastatic patients from a collaborative of primarily Latin American countries. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 4,060 patients with renal cell carcinoma diagnosed between 1990 and 2015, a total of 530 (14.5%) had metastasis at clinical presentation. Relationships between clinical and pathological parameters and treatment-related outcomes were analyzed by Cox regression and the log-rank method. RESULTS: Of 530 patients, 184 (90.6%) had died of renal cell carcinoma. The median OS of the entire cohort was 24 months. American Society of Anesthesiology classification 3-4 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.64), perirenal fat invasion (HR: 2.02), and ≥ 2 metastatic organ sites (HR: 2.19) were independent prognostic factors for 5-year OS in multivariable analyses. We created a risk group stratification with these variables: no adverse risk factors (favorable group), median OS not reached; one adverse factor (intermediate group), median OS 33 months (HR: 2.04); and two or three adverse factors (poor risk group), median OS 14 months (HR: 3.58). CONCLUSION: Our study defines novel prognostic factors that are relevant to a Latin American cohort. With external validation, these easily discerned clinical variables can be used to offer prognostic information across low- and middle-income countries.

Small renal masses in Latin-American population: characteristics and prognostic factors for survival, recurrence and metastasis - a multi-institutional study from LARCG database.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics of small renal masses (SRM) (≤ 4 cm) in a Latin-American population provided by LARCG (Latin-American Renal Cancer Group) and analyze predictors of survival, recurrence and metastasis. METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of 1523 patients submitted to surgical treatment for non-metastatic SRM from 1979 to 2016. Comparisons between radical (RN) or partial nephrectomy (PN) and young or elderly patients were performed. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests estimated 10-year overall survival. Predictors of local recurrence or metastasis were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: PN and RN were performed in 897 (66%) and 461 (34%) patients. A proportional increase of PN cases from 48.5% (1979-2009) to 75% (after 2009) was evidenced. Stratifying by age, elderly patients (≥ 65 years) had better 10-year OS rates when submitted to PN (83.5%), than RN (54.5%), p = 0.044. This disparity was not evidenced in younger patients. On multivariable model, bilaterality, extracapsular extension and ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification ≥3 were predictors of local recurrence. We did not identify significant predictors for distant metastasis in our series. CONCLUSIONS: PN is performed in Latin-America in a similar proportion to developed areas and it has been increasing in the last years. Even in elderly individuals, if good functional status, sufficiently fit to surgery, and favorable tumor characteristics, they should be encouraged to perform PN. Intending to an earlier diagnosis of recurrence or distant metastasis, SRM cases with unfavorable characteristics should have a more rigorous follow-up routine.

Laparoendoscopic single-site retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy: bilateral step-by-step technique.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the gold standard surgical approach for small benign adrenal tumors [1]. Several surgical approaches were developed in order to overcome the difficulty to access the adrenal glands, located in the upper retroperitoneum space [2-4]. Laparoendoscopic single-site posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (LESS-PRA) is an emerging technique that reduced the multiple trocar-related trauma and improved cosmetic outcomes while minimizing postoperative morbidity [5-8]. The aim of this study was to describe our step-by-step technique for LESS-PRA and to compare our perioperative outcomes with the conventional 3-port lateral retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (LRA). METHODS: A retrospective review was carried out from February 2008 to January 2016 that included 100 patients with adrenal tumors smaller than 4 cm. Study exclusion criteria were defined as tumor size greater than 4 cm, patients older than 80 years, and body mass index (BMI) greater than 40. A total of 20 patients underwent LESS-PRA and 80 patients underwent 3-port lateral retroperitoneoscopic laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Patient's demographic data and perioperative outcomes were compared and statistically analyzed. The cosmetic satisfaction was evaluated with a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Estimated blood loss was higher in LRA (100 vs. 50 ml; p = 0.35). Operative time was longer in LESS-PRA than LRA (100.0 vs. 60 min; p < 0.001). Analgesic time necessary for LRA was longer than LESS-PRA (40 vs. 24 h; p < 0.001). Cosmetic satisfaction score was higher in LESS-PRA (9.5 vs. 8.6; p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in perioperative complications and length of hospital stay. No conversion to conventional laparoscopic or open surgery was necessary. CONCLUSION: LESS-PRA presented comparable functional and perioperative outcomes to LRA for small adrenal tumors. Although LESS-PRA was associated with longer operative time, it provided inferior estimated blood loss, analgesic time, and improved cosmetic satisfaction.

Lack of association between the ICIQ-SF questionnaire and the urodynamic diagnosis in men with post radical prostatectomy incontinence.

PURPOSE: To analyze the correlation between the "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form" (ICIQ-UISF) survey and the urodynamic findings in men with urinary incontinence (UI) following radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: 88 men who presented post-RP UI for a minimum of 1 year were enrolled prospectively. All answered the ICIQ-UISF survey and underwent urodynamic testing. Patients were divided in 3 Groups according to their urodynamic diagnosis: Group 1, patients with sphincteric incontinence (SI) alone; Group 2, patients with mixed UI (SI + Bladder Dysfunction (BD)); and Group 3, patients with BD alone. Data were analyzed using SPSS v16.0 software. RESULTS: There were 51 men in Group 1 (57.9%); 30 in Group 2 (34%); and 7 (7.9%) in Group 3. BD was found in 37/88 patients (42%), but it was the main cause of UI in only 14 patients (15.9%). There was no statistically significant difference among the mean ICIQ-UISFs values from groups 1, 2, or 3 (p>0.05). The symptoms of stress incontinence correlated with the urodynamic finding of SI (r = 0.59), and complaints of urinary urgency correlated with the presence of detrusor overactivity (DO) (r = 0.37), but these complaints did not predict the main cause of UI. CONCLUSION: The etiology of UI following RP cannot be predicted by the ICIQ-UISF survey. Symptoms of stress and urge incontinence predict the findings of SI and DO on urodynamic tests, but they cannot ascertain the main cause of UI. Urodynamic testing remains the gold standard to assess the etiology of post-RP UI.

Lack of association between the ICIQ-SF questionnaire and the urodynamic diagnosis in men with post radical prostatectomy incontinence / Falta de associação entre o questionário ICIQ-SF e o diagnóstico nos homens portadores de incontinência urinária pós-prostatectomia radical

PURPOSE: To analyze the correlation between the "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form" (ICIQ-UISF) survey and the urodynamic findings in men with urinary incontinence (UI) following radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: 88 men who presented post-RP UI for a minimum of 1 year were enrolled prospectively. All answered the ICIQ-UISF survey and underwent urodynamic testing. Patients were divided in 3 Groups according to their urodynamic diagnosis: Group 1, patients with sphincteric incontinence (SI) alone; Group 2, patients with mixed UI (SI + Bladder Dysfunction (BD)); and Group 3, patients with BD alone. Data were analyzed using SPSS v16.0 software. RESULTS: There were 51 men in Group 1 (57.9%); 30 in Group 2 (34%); and 7 (7.9%) in Group 3. BD was found in 37/88 patients (42%), but it was the main cause of UI in only 14 patients (15.9%). There was no statistically significant difference among the mean ICIQ-UISFs values from groups 1, 2, or 3 (p>0.05). The symptoms of stress incontinence correlated with the urodynamic finding of SI (r = 0.59), and complaints of urinary urgency correlated with the presence of detrusor overactivity (DO) (r = 0.37), but these complaints did not predict the main cause of UI. CONCLUSION: The etiology of UI following RP cannot be predicted by the ICIQ-UISF survey. Symptoms of stress and urge incontinence predict the findings of SI and DO on urodynamic tests, but they cannot ascertain the main cause of UI. Urodynamic testing remains the gold standard to assess the etiology of post-RP UI.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre as queixas clínicas mensuradas pelo "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form" (ICIQ-UISF) e os achados urodinâmicos em homens com incontinência urinária (IU) após a prostatectomia radical (PR). MÉTODOS: 88 homens que apresentavam IU por um período mínimo de 1 ano após a PR foram incluídos prospectivamente. Todos responderam o questinário "ICIQ-UISF" e foram submetidos a avaliação urodinâmica. Os pacientes foram categorizados em 3 grupos de acordo com o diagnóstico urodinâmico: Grupo 1, pacientes com incontinência esfincteriana isolada (IE); Grupo 2, pacientes com IU mista (IE + disfunção vesical (DV)); e Grupo 3, pacientes com DV isolada. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o software SPSS v16.0. RESULTADOS: Dos 88 pacientes avaliados, após a avaliação urodinâmica, 51 homens (57,9%) apresentaram IE isolada (Grupo 1); 30 homens (34%) apresentaram IE associada a DV (Grupo 2) e 7 homens (7,9%) tinham somente DV (Grupo 3). A DV foi encontrada em 37/88 pacientes (42%), mas foi a principal causa de IU em apenas 14 pacientes (15,9%). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os valores das médias do "ICIQ-UISFs" entre os grupos 1, 2 ou 3 (p> 0,05). Os sintomas de incontinência de esforço se correlacionaram com o diagnóstico urodinâmico de IE (r = 0,59), e as queixas de urgência miccional se correlacionaram com a presença de hiperactividade do detrusor na avaliação urodinâmica (r = 0,37), entretanto apesar da correlação encontrada, os sintomas não foram capazes de identificar a principal causa da UI . CONCLUSÃO: A etiologia da UI após a PR não pode ser previsto pelo escore de sintomas obtidos através do "ICIQ-UISF". Os sintomas de perda urinária as manobras de estresse e de urgência miccional estão relacionados a presença de IE e hiperatividade detrusora na avaliação urodinâmica, entretanto estes sintomas não conseguem identificar com segurança qual é o principal fator da IU após a PR.O teste urodinâmico continua sendo o padrão ouro para avaliar a etiologia da IU após a PR.

Fatores de risco não-ocupacionais para câncer de bexiga / Non-occupational risk factors for bladder cancer

Mais de 60 mil novos casos de câncer de bexiga são diagnosticadosa cada ano nos Estados Unidos, responsáveis por aproximadamente13 mil mortes por ano. Nas últimas décadas, a incidência total decâncer de bexiga parece estar crescendo o que pode caracterizaruma conseqüência dos efeitos latentes do tabaco e outros fatoresde risco não-ocupacionais, carcinógenos industriais, assim comoo envelhecimento em geral da nossa população. Fatores culturaise socioeconômicos também contribuem substancialmente paraa etiologia do câncer de bexiga e podem ter um papel ainda maisimportante do que o ambiente ocupacional. Neste trabalho foramrevisados os principais fatores não-ocupacionais estabelecidos oupropostos associados ao desenvolvimento do câncer de bexiga.

Supra-renalectomia laparoscópica para doença maligna – Factibilidade técnica eresultados oncológicos / Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for malignant disease: Technical feasibility and oncological results

Objetivos: A ablação laparoscópica é o padrão-ouro para o tratamentode lesões supra-renais benignas; entretanto, a ressecção laparoscópica de lesões malignas é controversa e as séries apresentadas na literaturasão pequenas. O presente estudo apresenta aspectos técnicos eresultados oncológicos da supra-renalectomia laparoscópica pormalignidade. Métodos: Oito pacientes foram submetidas à suprarenalectomialaparoscópica em virtude da malignidade da suprarenalprimária ou metastática. O procedimento laparoscópico foitransperitoneal em dois casos e retroperitoneal em seis. Resultados:O tamanho médio das lesões foi de 5 cm (4 a 9 cm), o tempo cirúrgicomédio de 135 minutos e o sangramento operatório médio de 250ml. Houve um caso de pneumonia com boa evolução. O diagnósticohistopatológico foi câncer metastático em quatro casos e neoplasiamaligna primária da supra-renal nos outros quatro. Houve dois casosde recidiva sistêmica em pacientes com câncer adrenal metastático.Recidiva local ou implantes em portais não foram observados emnenhum caso. A sobrevida foi de 100 em pacientes com câncerprimário da supra-renal e de 50 nos pacientes com lesão metastática.Conclusão: O tratamento da doença maligna da glândula supra-renalpor videolaparoscopia pode ser realizado com segurança em pacientescom carcinoma adrenal primário ou metástase adrenal. O prognósticodepende da ressecabilidade e da agressividade biológica da doença.

Objective: Laparoscopic resection is the gold standard for treatment of benign adrenal lesions. Laparoscopic resection of malignant lesions, however, is controversial, and there are only limited series published in the literature. The aim of this study is to describe technical aspects and oncological results of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for malignant disease. Methods: Eight patients (five men and three women)underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for primary or metastatic adrenal malignancy. The procedures were performed transperitoneally in two cases and retroperitoneally in 6 cases. Results: The mean incision size was 5 cm (4-9 cm), the mean duration of surgery was 135 minutes and the mean blood loss was 250 ml. There was onecase of postoperative pneumonia, which progressed favorably. Histopathological diagnosis was metastasis in four cases and primary adrenal neoplasm in four cases. There were two cases of systemicrecurrence in patients with metastatic adrenal cancer which originated from breast-cancer in one case and lung cancer in another case. Localrecurrence or implantations on the trocar sites were not observed.All patients with primary adrenal neoplasms and 50% of those withmetastatic lesions of the adrenal were alive at the end of the follow-upperiod. Conclusion: Treatment of adrenal malignant disease can be safely performed through videolaparoscopy in patients with primary adenocarcinoma or adrenal gland metastasis. The prognosis depends on resectability and biological aggressiveness of the disease.

Cálculo de vesícula seminal tratado por cirurgia videolaparoscópica: relato do primeiro caso brasileiro / Seminal vesicle stone treated by laparoscopic surgery: report ofthe first Brazilian case

A ocorrência de cálculo de vesícula seminal é uma entidade rara, compoucos relatos na literatura mundial, sendo ainda mais escassos artigossobre o tratamento videolaparoscópico. A importância do diagnósticoestá relacionada ao fato de o cálculo de vesícula seminal ser um fatorna gênese da prostatite e ter relação com dor perineal e na ejaculação,simulando quadro de prostatite sem infecção demonstrável. Relatamoso caso de um paciente de 36 anos com quadro de dor perineal epolaciúria persistente, apesar de tratamento clínico adequado. Atomografia e a ecografia transretal diagnosticaram cálculo de istmode vesícula seminal bilateral. A vesiculectomia seminal bilateral porlaparoscopia resultou em remissão da sintomatologia e controle dainfecção em seguimento de seis anos.

Estudo comparativo e prospectivo entre prostatectomia laparoscópicatransperitoneal e extraperitoneal / Laparoscopic prostatectomy: a comparative study between transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approachs during learning curve

Objetivos: Comparar os dados relativos à prostatectomia laparoscópicapelo acesso transperitoneal e extraperitoneal durante a experiênciapreliminar. Métodos: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os primeiros30 pacientes submetidos à rostatectomia laparoscópica transperitoneal e 30 extraperitoneal, durante o período de 1999 a 2005. Foram analisados s resultados cirúrgicos, oncológicos e os resultados funcionais como otência e continência, sendo os resultados comparados entre osdois grupos. Resultados: O tempo cirúrgico e a perda sangüíneaintra-operatória foram em média, respectivamente, de 270 minutos e290 ml no grupo extraperitoneal e de 330 minutos e 380 ml no grupotransperitoneal. Não ocorreram diferenças significativas em relaçãoàs complicações intra-operatórias, período de internação hospitalar etempo de permanência do cateter de Foley. Nos pacientes submetidosao acesso extraperitoneal ocorreu uma reintrodução mais precoce dadieta, diminuição de casos de íleo paralítico, evolução menos mórbida defístulas urinárias e a redução da taxa de margens positivas. Em relaçãoà potência sexual e continência urinária não ocorreram diferenças significativas em relação aos dois grupos. Conclusão: A prostatectomia radical laparoscópica é um procedimento complexo, factível e que pode ser utilizado para o tratamento do câncer de próstata localizado. A viaretroperitoneal oferece algumas vantagens em relação à transperitoneal,e o período de curva de aprendizado oferece uma menor morbidade.

Expressão do transcrito da citoqueratina 19 (CK-19) na fração mononuclear do sangue periférico em pacientes com adenocarcinoma de próstata / Cytokeratin 19 expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear fraction of prostate cancer patients

Introdução: O emprego da técnica de RT-PCR na detecção da expressão de genes epiteliais como a CK-19 no sangue periférico de pacientes com câncer de próstata é uma oportunidade para avaliar a progressão tumoral ao nível molecular na ausência de doença clinicamente mensurável. Material e métodos: Inicialmente 10 pacientes com nível sérico de PSA< 2ng/ml e toque retal sugestivo de hiperplasia prostática benigna foram incluídos como grupo controle através de coleta de sangue única para dosagem do transcrito da CK-19. Subsequentemente,foram seguidos de maneira prospectiva 44 pacientes com câncer de próstata (21 com doença localizada e 23 com doença metastática), com coleta de sangue seriada a cada 3 meses por 18 meses. Foi medida a expressão sérica do transcrito da CK-19 por RT-PCR na fração leucocitária do sangue periférico e correlacionada aos níveis séricos de PSA e outras variáveis clinicas e patológicas. Resultados: Nenhum de 10 pacientes controles apresentou expressão do transcrito da CK-19 no sangue periférico. Nos pacientes com câncer de próstata a expressão do transcrito da CK-19 na entrada do estudo não se correlacionou com o escore de Gleason, estádio clínico e os níveis séricos de DHL, Hemoglobina, PSA, Fosfatase alcalina ou Testosterona. A presença de pelo menos uma dosagem positiva de CK-19 durante o seguimento se correlacionou com o tempo para a progressão bioquímica do PSA na amostra como um todo(p=0,049) e no subgrupo com doença metastática(p=0,032). Conclusão: Não houve expressão do transcrito da CK-19 na fração mononuclear do sangue periférico em homens do grupo controle. Nos pacientes com câncer de próstata não houve correlação entre a expressão do transcrito da CK-19 na entrada do estudo e as principais variáveis clínicas e patológicas de prognóstico...

Background: The recent introduction of sensitive RT-PCR-based techniques for the detection of epithelial antigen expression, such as CK-19,in the peripheral blood of prostate cancer patients may provide an opportunity to evaluate early tumor progression at the molecular level, even in the absence of measurable disease. Methods: Ten men with PSA <2ng/ml and digital rectal examination suggestive for benign prostatic hyperplasia were included as controls by only one colleted blood sample to measure of CK-19 transcript. We also studied serially collected blood samples of 44 patients with prostate cancer (21 with localized and 23 with metastatic disease) every three months for 18 months. We measured CK-19 transcript expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear fraction (PBMN) of these samples by RT-PCR and correlated it with PSA values and other clinical and pathologic variables. Results: None of the 10 normal control men showed CK-19 transcript expression in their PBMN. In the patients with prostate cancer, CK-19 transcript positivity at entry did not correlate with Gleason score, clinical stage, DHL, hemoglobin level, PSA, alkaline phosphatase or testosterone levels. Having at least one positive CK- 19 result during follow up correlated significantly with time to PSA progression in all coorte (p = 0.049) and in the subgroup of metastatic disease (p = 0.032)...

Verrucous carcinoma of the bladder with koilocytosis unassociated with vesical schistosomiasis.

CONTEXT: Verrucous carcinoma of the bladder is a very rare malignant neoplasm, histologically similar to condyloma acuminatum. Usually it shows association with vesical schistosomiasis (bilharziasis). Only 13 cases unrelated to bilharziasis have been reported to date, and none of them reported koilocytosis, a typical finding in human papillomavirus infection. CASE REPORT: We report a case of verrucous carcinoma of the bladder that was unrelated to bilharziasis, with koilocytosis and absence of human papillomavirus. The literature relating to the topic is discussed.

Verrucous carcinoma of the bladder with koilocytosis unassociated with vesical schistosomiasis

CONTEXTO: O carcinoma verrucoso de bexiga é uma neoplasia maligna muito rara, histologicamente semelhante ao condiloma acuminado. Normalmente apresenta-se associado à esquistossomose vesical (bilharzíase). Apenas 13 casos não relacionados à bilharzíase foram descritos até o momento, sendo que em nenhum deles foi relatada presença de coilocitose, um achado característico da infecção pelo papiloma vírus humano. RELATO DE CASO: Apresentamos um caso de carcinoma verrucoso de bexiga não relacionado à bilharzíase com presença de coilocitose e ausência de papiloma vírus humano. A literatura relacionada ao assunto é discutida.

Dieta e câncer da próstata: aspectos atuais relacionados à quimioprevençäo / Diet and prostate cancer: recent issues about chemoprevention

O câncer da próstata se tornou a malignidade mais comum em homens nos Estados Unidos. Pesquisas recentes demonstram que a dieta intima tem relação com as variações de incidência desta neoplasia ao redor do mundo. Tal conhecimento pode ser uma medida importante na prevenção do câncer da próstata. Dentre os alimentos estudados, substâncias chamadas fitoestrógenos, que são estrogênios fracos encontrados na soja, contêm propriedades capazes de reduzir o risco de câncer da próstata. Compostos ricos em gordura também têm sido associados a tumores mais avançados. Em relação às vitaminas, o calcitriol (vitamina D ativa) é considerado atualmente como hormônio regulador de crescimento e diferenciação celular, existindo relação inversa entre seus níveis e a incidência de câncer da próstata. A dieta encontrada nos países orientais, rica em vitaminas e vegetais e com baixo teor lipídico, tem papel protetor contra o câncer da próstata.

Primeira campanha de atenção às doenças da próstata da Faculdade de Medicina da Fundação ABC: Modelo alternativo e extracurricular de ensino médico / I Faculdade de Medicina do ABC prostate care campaing: An alternative and extra-curricular way of teaching medicine

Doenças da glândula prostática são extremamente prevalentes. Possuir o conhecimento adequado dessas afecções é de fundamental importância para a classe médica. Novos métodos diagnósticos têm sido desenvolvidos e empregados nesta área da medicina, havendo necessidade de atualizações terapêuticas periódicas. Neste contexto, discute-se o real valor de programas de screening populacional para a detecção precoce do cancer da próstata. Outro tema frequentemente debatido discute a respeito da educação médica, ou seja, a constante busca de métodos pedagógicos eficientes, capazes de transmitir os mínimos conhecimentos necessários para que os acadêmicos de medicina, futuros médicos, sejam capazes de exercer sua profissão com competência e dignidade. A primeira Campanha de Atenção às Doenças dada Próstata da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC teve como objetivo unificar estas duas tendências: prestação de serviços médicos assistenciais...

Prostate innervation and local anesthesia in prostate procedures

The nerve supply of the human prostate is very abundant, and knowledge of the anatomy contributes to successful administration of local anesthesia. However, the exact anatomy of extrinsic neuronal cell bodies of the autonomic and sensory innervation of the prostate is not clear, except in other animals. Branches of pelvic ganglia composed of pelvic (parasympathetic) and hypogastric (sympathetic) nerves innervate the prostate. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the growth, maturation, and secretory function of this gland. Prostate procedures under local anesthesia, such as transurethral prostatic resections or transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy, are safe, simple, and effective. Local anesthesia can be feasible for many special conditions including uncomplicated prostate surgery and may be particularly useful for the high-risk group of patients for whom inhalation or spinal anesthesia is inadvisable

Prostate innervation and local anesthesia in prostate procedures.

The nerve supply of the human prostate is very abundant, and knowledge of the anatomy contributes to successful administration of local anesthesia. However, the exact anatomy of extrinsic neuronal cell bodies of the autonomic and sensory innervation of the prostate is not clear, except in other animals. Branches of pelvic ganglia composed of pelvic (parasympathetic) and hypogastric (sympathetic) nerves innervate the prostate. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the growth, maturation, and secretory function of this gland. Prostate procedures under local anesthesia, such as transurethral prostatic resections or transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy, are safe, simple, and effective. Local anesthesia can be feasible for many special conditions including uncomplicated prostate surgery and may be particularly useful for the high-risk group of patients for whom inhalation or spinal anesthesia is inadvisable.